2021年无锡市第14届英语翻译比赛决赛试题和参考译文
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无锡市第十四届英语翻译比赛决赛
（本科组）
一、英译中
How Should One Read a Book?
It is simple enough to say that since books have classes－fiction, biography, poetry―we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty-two chapters of a novel－if we consider how to read a novel first－are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building; but words are more impalpable than bricks; reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you－how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was Comic, but also tragic; a whole vision，an entire conception, seemed contained in that moment.
But
when you attempt to reconstruct it in words, you will find that it breaks into
a thousand conflicting impressions. Some must be subdued；others emphasized; in the
process you will lose, probably, all grasp upon the emotion itself. Then turn
from your blurred and littered pages to the opening pages of some great
novelist－Defoe, Jane Austen, Hardy. Now you will be better able to appreciate their
mastery. To read a novel is a difficult and complex art. You must be capable
not only of great finesse of perception, but of great boldness of imagination
if you are going to make use of all that the novelist―the great artist gives you.
二、中译英
近年来，媒体关于“二代”现象的讨论很多，诸如“富二代”“官二代”“贫二代”。改革开放以来，经济体制深刻变革，原有的较为简单的社会结构出现了很大变化，尤其是社会阶层结构的分化与重新组合。如今，社会结构开始走向稳定与成熟，但同时社会成员借以改变自身地位、向上流动的机会在减少，成本在增加。“二代”现象可能在短时期内难以改变。不过，“二代”现象本身也反映出很多人喜欢给某一群体的所有人都贴上同样的标签，这说明当下社会的宽容程度还不够，而这也是社会进步的一个重要衡量标准。和谐的社会是和而不同，一定社会差别的存在是整个社会进步、社会成员个体谋求自由全面发展的动力，当然，社会更应为普通社会成员留下足够的上升渠道和发展空间。
无锡市第十四届英语翻译比赛决赛
（本科组试题参考译文）
一、英译中参考译文
应该如何读书
弗吉尼亚•伍尔芙
既然书是分门别类的——小说、传记、诗歌—-我们就应该把它们分别开来，从每类书中吸取我们认为它应当给我们的东西—-这么说，本来是极其简单的。但是很少有人向书索取它所能真正给我们的东西。最常见的是，我们拿起一本书来阅读，而对于书的看法是模糊的，不一致的：对于小说，要求它真实；对于诗歌，要求它有虚构的东西；对于传记，要求它是恭维的；对于历史，要求它能应验我们自己的偏见。假如我们在阅读时，能排除一切这类先入之见，那将是令人羡慕的良好开端。请不要向作者发号施令，尽可能地同他一样设身处地，成为他的同行或者伙伴。假如你退居一边，持保留态度，一开始就进行批评，那么你就在阻碍自己从你所阅读的东西中取得最大可能的收获。但是假如你尽量敞开思想，那么，包含在最初几个句子的迁回曲折之中细微到几乎难以觉察的暗示与线索，就会把你带到一个与别人完全不同的人的面前。你就在这方面下工夫，熟悉它，很快你就会发现作者正在把或者力图把某种远为明确的东西交给你。假如，我们先来探讨怎样阅读小说，一本三十二章的小说本身就是一种试图创造象一座建筑物似的有形式和受到制约的东西的一种尝试。但是字句与砖瓦不同，更加触摸不到；若拿阅读和眼看相比，阅读是一种更长和更为复杂的过程。也许，理解一个作家所创作出来的作品的要素的最快方法，不是去阅读而是去写作，亲自去同语言的困难和危险打交道，作实验。请回忆一下在你的脑子中留下明显印象的某一事件，比如说，在马路转角的地方，你从两个正在谈话的人的身边经过；一棵树摇摆了一下；一道电灯光跳动着；谈话人的口吻既是滑稽的又是悲怆的；全部景色，整个概念似乎都包含在这一刹那之中。但是，当你试图用语言把它再组合起来时，你就会发觉它分裂成千百个互相矛盾的印象。其中某些必须予以抑制，某些则必须强调突出。在这个过程中你可能会失去对感情的全部控制。然后，放下你那几页模糊的、零散的文字，去翻阅某个伟大作家的作品的开始几页——笛福、珍恩·奥斯丁，哈代，这时你就能更好地欣赏他们的精湛技巧。阅读一本小说是一种困难而又复杂的艺术。假如，你打算运用一个作家——一个伟大的作家向你提供的一切，你就必须不仅拥有洞察事物的高超技巧，同时还要有极其大胆的想象力。
二、中译英参考译文
In recent years，there are heated debates on the
so-called“second generation”，including“the second rich generation”，“the second
official generation”and“the second poor generation”. Since the adoption of
the reform and opening-up policy in China，the economic system and the original
simple social structure have witnessed great changes，especially the
differentiation and reorganization of the social classes. Nowadays，the social structure tends to be stable and developed，however
there are few opportunities but high cost for social members to improve their
status and move to the upper part of the social ladder. Therefore， it is hard
to change the phenomenon of the so-called “second-generation”in
a short time. However，this term reflects that many people like to
label different social classes，which indicates the insufficient social
tolerance which，on the other hand，is an indicator of social
progress. The existence of different classes can push the
entire society to advance and the individuals to pursue their all-round free development. Society should provide channels and space for common members to develop themselves and to move
to the upper part of the social ladder.
（以上译文仅供参考）
无锡市第十四届英语翻译比赛决赛
（专科组）
一、英译中
On the Pressures and Politics of Waiting in Line
The British queue up and
the Americans wait in line,
except for New Yorkers, who wait on line. No one seems to know the reason for this local
idiom.
It is something to ponder
while waiting in/on line.
Another thing to ponder: It is estimated that Americans spend up to five
years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. Studies show that otherwise rational people act irrationally when forced to stand in line or wait in crowds, even becoming violent. Standing in line is not a necessary requisite to being part of a queue, as Dr.
Saaty pointed out. One can be trapped on "hold" at the end of a phone line, stacked up
over an airport, tied up in highway traffic, delayed in a doctor’s crowded waiting room.
Queues are a grim reality of city life. While there seems to be no consensus on the city's
worst line,
the ones mentioned most
often in talks here and there were lunchtime lines at banks and post offices
and,
among younger people, movie lines and college-registration lines.
"Bank lines,"
said Mark Sloane, an investor. "No matter what time of day you bank, the number of tellers is
inadequate to the number of patrons. Even when the bank is open you see long lines in front of the money machines outside. "
In any line the fundamental
rule is first come, first served, or what social scientists call "distributive justice."
In
theory, then, everyone should have an equal
interest in keeping an
In both cases the strongest
protests came from the immediate victims or the people directly behind the line jumpers. People farther down the line complained less or not at all, even
though they had been
equally penalized by losing a place.
二、中译英
扩大内需是中国经济社会发展的基本立足点和长期战略方针。中国正处在工业化、域镇化进程加快，人民收入水平提高和消费结构升级的发展阶段，在转变外贸增长方式、扩大进口、加强知识产权保护，为全球贸易和世界经济继续作出贡献的同时，巨大的国内需求和广阔的国内市场是中国经济发展的持续动力，这就决定了中国的发展应当而且有可能实现以国内需求为主。中国保持固定资产投资以合理的规模和速度增长，发挥投资对经济增长的推动作用。中国通过实行正确的收入分配政策和消费政策，更多地依靠国内消费需求拉动经济增长。近年来，国内投资和消费需求均呈较快增长态势。
无锡市第十四届英语翻译比赛决赛
（专科组试题参考译文）
一、英译中参考译文
排队的压力与策略
排队，英国人说queue up， 美国人除纽约人说wait on line外， 都用wait in line。纽约人为什么要用那个地方性的说法，似乎没人知道，这倒是可以在排队时好好思索一番的问题。
需要思索的还有一点：据估计，美国人一生中花费在枯燥、烦闷却又躲避不掉的等待上的时间竟达五年之多。“研究表明，如果人被迫排队，或挤在人群中等待，本来深明事理的人也会失去理智，甚至暴跳如雷。”萨提博士还指出，排队等待并不是非站在队里不可。打电话时可能因找受话人而难以脱身；可能会因飞机在机场上空盘旋待降而焦燥不安；可能会因公路交通阻塞欲走不成；也可能会在拥挤不堪的候诊室里，耽误许久。
排队是城市生活中一大严肃的现实难题。对于城市里什么队最难排，人们似乎没有一致的看法，但常常听到人们到处谈论的，莫过于午饭时间在银行和邮局的排队。年轻人当中，经常议论纷纷的则是买电影票和大学注册的排队了。
“银行里的排队最讨厌了，”投资者马克·斯隆说。“不论什么时候去银行，接待顾客的出纳员也总是不够。即使在营业时间里，也能看到银行外面的自动提款机跟前排着长队。”
不管在什么地方排队，基本原则都是先到先办事，或者用社会学家的话说，就是“公平待人”。也就是说，理论上每个人都应注意排好队。但实际上，每个人的关注程度又因各自在队里的位置前后而不同。研究人员轮流到中央火车站和杜菲广场戏院的买票队列里去加塞儿，从而证明了这一点。两处情况表明，反对加塞儿最强烈的是在加塞者身后最近的人，因为他们是直接的受害者。站在队里后边的人则较少或者根本不抱怨，尽管他们前边加了一人，也一样地吃了亏。
二、中译英
It is
China's fundamental stand and long-term strategic guiding principle to expand
domestic demand in its economic and social development. China has entered a
period when the pace of industrialization and urbanization is being quickened， the people's income level is
increasing and their consumption structure is being upgraded. While changing
its mode of foreign trade growth，increasing imports and strengthening intellectual property protection， and continuing to make
contributions to global trade and the world economy， China keeps up its driving force
to maintain sustained economic development through its huge domestic demand and
domestic market. This has determined that China should and most likely will
mainly rely on domestic demand for its development. China will ensure that
investment in fixed assets will increase at a reasonable scale and pace so as
to bring into better play the role of investment in economic growth. By
implementing correct income distribution and consumption policies， China is relying more on domestic demand and consumption to promote its
economic development. In recent years， domestic investment and consumption needs
are increasing at a rather rapid rate.
（以上译文仅供参考）
